crash.c
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crash.c
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	#include <compat.h> // IWYU pragma: keep

	#include <stdbool.h>
	#include <stdint.h>
	#include <signal.h>
	#include <stdio.h>
	#include <stdlib.h>
	#include <string.h>
	#include <time.h>
	#include <crprintf.h>

	#include "ant.h"
	#include "crash.h"
	#include "internal.h"
	#include "reactor.h"
	#include "cli/version.h"

	#include "silver/engine.h"
	#include "modules/assert.h"
	#include "modules/fetch.h"
	#include "modules/json.h"

	#define ANT_CRASH_FRAME_MAX 24
	#define ANT_CRASH_ALT_STACK_SIZE 65536
	#define ANT_CRASH_ARGV_MAX 1024
	#define ANT_CRASH_EXE_PATH_MAX 1024
	#define ANT_CRASH_PAYLOAD_MAX 32768

	static char crash_argv[ANT_CRASH_ARGV_MAX] = "";
	static char crash_exe_path[ANT_CRASH_EXE_PATH_MAX] = "";

	static bool crash_print_trace = false;
	static bool crash_reporting_enabled = true;
	static bool crash_report_status_printed = false;
	static bool crash_report_status_inline = false;

	static uint64_t crash_start_ms = 0;
	static volatile sig_atomic_t crash_reporting_suppressed = 0;

	static bool should_upload_report(void) {
	return
	crash_reporting_enabled &&
	crash_reporting_suppressed == 0;
	}

	bool ant_crash_is_internal_report(int argc, char **argv) {
	return
	argc >= 2 && argv &&
	argv[1] && strcmp(argv[1], "__internal-crash-report") == 0;
	}

	#ifdef _WIN32
	#include <dbghelp.h>
	#include <io.h>
	#else
	#include <limits.h>
	#include <dlfcn.h>
	#include <fcntl.h>
	#include <unistd.h>
	#include <sys/resource.h>
	#include <sys/wait.h>

	#ifdef __APPLE__
	#include <mach-o/dyld.h>
	#include <sys/sysctl.h>
	#elif defined(__linux__)
	#include <sys/utsname.h>
	#endif

	#if defined(__APPLE__) \|\| defined(__GLIBC__)
	#define ANT_CRASH_HAVE_EXECINFO 1
	#include <execinfo.h>
	#endif

	#if !defined(ANT_CRASH_HAVE_EXECINFO) && defined(__has_include)
	#if __has_include(<unwind.h>)
	#define ANT_CRASH_HAVE_UNWIND_BACKTRACE 1
	#include <unwind.h>
	#endif
	#endif
	#endif

	#ifdef ANT_CRASH_HAVE_UNWIND_BACKTRACE
	typedef struct {
	uintptr_t *frames;
	int frame_count;
	int skip;
	} crash_unwind_state_t;

	static _Unwind_Reason_Code collect_unwind_frame(struct _Unwind_Context ctx, void arg) {
	crash_unwind_state_t *state = arg;
	uintptr_t ip = (uintptr_t)_Unwind_GetIP(ctx);
	if (!ip) return _URC_NO_REASON;
	if (state->skip > 0) {
	state->skip--;
	return _URC_NO_REASON;
	}
	if (state->frame_count >= ANT_CRASH_FRAME_MAX) return _URC_END_OF_STACK;
	state->frames[state->frame_count++] = ip;
	return _URC_NO_REASON;
	}
	#endif

	typedef struct {
	char *buf;
	size_t cap;
	size_t len;
	} crash_buf_t;

	static void cb_putc(crash_buf_t *b, char c) {
	if (b->len + 1 >= b->cap) return;
	b->buf[b->len++] = c;
	b->buf[b->len] = '\0';
	}

	static void cb_puts(crash_buf_t b, const char s) {
	if (!s) return;
	while (s && b->len + 1 < b->cap) b->buf[b->len++] = s++;
	if (b->cap) b->buf[b->len] = '\0';
	}

	static void cb_put_uint(crash_buf_t *b, unsigned long long v) {
	char tmp[32];
	int i = (int)sizeof(tmp);
	tmp[--i] = '\0';
	if (v == 0) tmp[--i] = '0';
	while (v && i > 0) {
	tmp[--i] = (char)('0' + (v % 10));
	v /= 10;
	}
	cb_puts(b, &tmp[i]);
	}

	static void cb_put_hex(crash_buf_t *b, uint64_t v) {
	char tmp[32];
	int i = (int)sizeof(tmp);
	tmp[--i] = '\0';
	if (v == 0) tmp[--i] = '0';
	while (v && i > 0) {
	unsigned d = (unsigned)(v & 0xf);
	tmp[--i] = (char)(d < 10 ? '0' + d : 'a' + d - 10);
	v >>= 4;
	}
	cb_puts(b, "0x");
	cb_puts(b, &tmp[i]);
	}

	static void cb_put_json_string(crash_buf_t b, const char s) {
	static const char hexdigits[] = "0123456789abcdef";
	cb_putc(b, '"');

	if (s) for (const unsigned char p = (const unsigned char )s; *p; p++) {
	switch (*p) {
	case '"': cb_puts(b, "\\\""); break;
	case '\\': cb_puts(b, "\\\\"); break;
	case '\b': cb_puts(b, "\\b"); break;
	case '\f': cb_puts(b, "\\f"); break;
	case '\n': cb_puts(b, "\\n"); break;
	case '\r': cb_puts(b, "\\r"); break;
	case '\t': cb_puts(b, "\\t"); break;
	default: if (*p < 0x20) {
	cb_puts(b, "\\u00");
	cb_putc(b, hexdigits[*p >> 4]);
	cb_putc(b, hexdigits[*p & 0xf]);
	} else cb_putc(b, (char)*p);
	}}

	cb_putc(b, '"');
	}

	static bool env_bool(const char *value, bool default_value) {
	if (!value \|\| !*value) return default_value;
	if (
	strcmp(value, "0") == 0 \|\|
	strcmp(value, "false") == 0 \|\|
	strcmp(value, "FALSE") == 0 \|\|
	strcmp(value, "off") == 0 \|\|
	strcmp(value, "OFF") == 0 \|\|
	strcmp(value, "no") == 0 \|\|
	strcmp(value, "NO") == 0
	) return false;
	return true;
	}

	static const char path_basename_const(const char path) {
	if (!path) return "";
	const char *base = path;
	for (const char p = path; p; p++) {
	if (p == '/' \|\| p == '\\') base = p + 1;
	}
	return base;
	}

	static void init_argv_strings(int argc, char **argv) {
	crash_buf_t payload = { crash_argv, sizeof(crash_argv), 0 };
	int limit = argc < 8 ? argc : 8;
	for (int i = 0; i < limit; i++) {
	if (i) cb_putc(&payload, ',');
	cb_put_json_string(&payload, argv[i] ? path_basename_const(argv[i]) : "");
	}
	if (argc > limit) {
	if (limit > 0) cb_putc(&payload, ',');
	cb_put_json_string(&payload, "...");
	}
	}

	static void init_report_controls() {
	crash_print_trace = env_bool(getenv("ANT_CRASH_TRACE"), false);
	const char *enabled = getenv("ANT_ENABLE_CRASH_REPORTING");
	if (enabled) crash_reporting_enabled = env_bool(enabled, true);
	else crash_reporting_enabled = !env_bool(getenv("DO_NOT_TRACK"), false);
	if (getenv("ANT_CRASH_REPORT_URL") && !enabled) crash_reporting_enabled = true;
	}

	static void init_exe_path(int argc, char **argv) {
	#ifdef _WIN32
	DWORD len = GetModuleFileNameA(NULL, crash_exe_path, (DWORD)sizeof(crash_exe_path));
	if (len > 0 && len < sizeof(crash_exe_path)) return;
	#else
	#ifdef __APPLE__
	uint32_t size = (uint32_t)sizeof(crash_exe_path);
	char tmp[ANT_CRASH_EXE_PATH_MAX];
	if (_NSGetExecutablePath(tmp, &size) == 0) {
	char *resolved = realpath(tmp, crash_exe_path);
	if (resolved) return;
	strncpy(crash_exe_path, tmp, sizeof(crash_exe_path) - 1);
	crash_exe_path[sizeof(crash_exe_path) - 1] = '\0';
	return;
	}
	#elif defined(__linux__)
	ssize_t len = readlink("/proc/self/exe", crash_exe_path, sizeof(crash_exe_path) - 1);
	if (len > 0) {
	crash_exe_path[len] = '\0';
	return;
	}
	#endif
	#endif
	if (argc > 0 && argv && argv[0]) {
	strncpy(crash_exe_path, argv[0], sizeof(crash_exe_path) - 1);
	crash_exe_path[sizeof(crash_exe_path) - 1] = '\0';
	}
	}

	static const char *os_name(void) {
	#ifdef _WIN32
	return "Windows";
	#elif defined(__APPLE__)
	return "macOS";
	#elif defined(__linux__)
	return "Linux";
	#else
	return "unknown-os";
	#endif
	}

	static const char *os_version(void) {
	static char version[128];
	if (version[0]) return version;

	#ifdef _WIN32
	OSVERSIONINFOEXA info;
	memset(&info, 0, sizeof(info));
	info.dwOSVersionInfoSize = sizeof(info);
	if (GetVersionExA((OSVERSIONINFOA *)&info)) {
	snprintf(
	version, sizeof(version), "%lu.%lu.%lu",
	(unsigned long)info.dwMajorVersion,
	(unsigned long)info.dwMinorVersion,
	(unsigned long)info.dwBuildNumber
	);
	return version;
	}
	#elif defined(__APPLE__)
	size_t len = sizeof(version);
	if (sysctlbyname("kern.osproductversion", version, &len, NULL, 0) == 0 && version[0])
	return version;
	#elif defined(__linux__)
	struct utsname info;
	if (uname(&info) == 0 && info.release[0]) {
	snprintf(version, sizeof(version), "%s", info.release);
	return version;
	}
	#endif
	snprintf(version, sizeof(version), "unknown");
	return version;
	}

	static const char *os_display_name(void) {
	static char display[160];
	if (!display[0]) snprintf(display, sizeof(display), "%s v%s", os_name(), os_version());
	return display;
	}

	static const char *arch_name(void) {
	#if defined(__aarch64__) \|\| defined(_M_ARM64)
	return "arm64";
	#elif defined(__x86_64__) \|\| defined(_M_X64)
	return "x64";
	#elif defined(__i386__) \|\| defined(_M_IX86)
	return "x86";
	#else
	return "unknown-arch";
	#endif
	}

	static uint64_t now_ms(void) {
	#ifdef _WIN32
	return GetTickCount64();
	#else
	struct timespec ts;
	if (clock_gettime(CLOCK_MONOTONIC, &ts) != 0) return 0;
	return (uint64_t)ts.tv_sec * 1000ULL + (uint64_t)ts.tv_nsec / 1000000ULL;
	#endif
	}

	static unsigned long long peak_rss_bytes(void) {
	#ifdef _WIN32
	return 0;
	#else
	struct rusage ru;
	if (getrusage(RUSAGE_SELF, &ru) != 0) return 0;
	#ifdef __APPLE__
	return (unsigned long long)ru.ru_maxrss;
	#else
	return (unsigned long long)ru.ru_maxrss * 1024ULL;
	#endif
	#endif
	}

	static unsigned long long crash_process_id(void) {
	#ifdef _WIN32
	return (unsigned long long)GetCurrentProcessId();
	#else
	return (unsigned long long)getpid();
	#endif
	}

	static bool crash_streq_len(const char s, size_t len, const char literal) {
	size_t literal_len = strlen(literal);
	return len == literal_len && strncmp(s, literal, literal_len) == 0;
	}

	static const char crash_code_detail(const char code, size_t len) {
	if (crash_streq_len(code, len, "SIGSEGV")) return "invalid memory access";
	if (crash_streq_len(code, len, "SIGBUS")) return "bus error";
	if (crash_streq_len(code, len, "SIGFPE")) return "floating point exception";
	if (crash_streq_len(code, len, "SIGILL")) return "illegal instruction";
	if (crash_streq_len(code, len, "SIGABRT")) return "abort";

	if (crash_streq_len(code, len, "EXCEPTION_ACCESS_VIOLATION")) return "invalid memory access";
	if (crash_streq_len(code, len, "EXCEPTION_STACK_OVERFLOW")) return "stack overflow";
	if (crash_streq_len(code, len, "EXCEPTION_ILLEGAL_INSTRUCTION")) return "illegal instruction";

	return "fatal error";
	}

	static int crash_code_signal_number(const char *code, size_t len) {
	#ifdef SIGSEGV
	if (crash_streq_len(code, len, "SIGSEGV")) return SIGSEGV;
	#endif
	#ifdef SIGBUS
	if (crash_streq_len(code, len, "SIGBUS")) return SIGBUS;
	#endif
	#ifdef SIGFPE
	if (crash_streq_len(code, len, "SIGFPE")) return SIGFPE;
	#endif
	#ifdef SIGILL
	if (crash_streq_len(code, len, "SIGILL")) return SIGILL;
	#endif
	#ifdef SIGABRT
	if (crash_streq_len(code, len, "SIGABRT")) return SIGABRT;
	#endif
	return 0;
	}

	static const char *posix_signal_reason(int sig) {
	switch (sig) {
	case SIGSEGV: return "Segmentation fault";
	#ifdef SIGBUS
	case SIGBUS: return "Bus error";
	#endif
	case SIGFPE: return "Floating point exception";
	case SIGILL: return "Illegal instruction";
	case SIGABRT: return "Abort";
	default: return "Fatal signal";
	}}

	static const char *posix_signal_code(int sig) {
	switch (sig) {
	case SIGSEGV: return "SIGSEGV";
	#ifdef SIGBUS
	case SIGBUS: return "SIGBUS";
	#endif
	case SIGFPE: return "SIGFPE";
	case SIGILL: return "SIGILL";
	case SIGABRT: return "SIGABRT";
	default: return "SIGNAL";
	}}

	static void format_native_frame(char *out, size_t out_cap, uintptr_t addr) {
	if (out_cap == 0) return;
	out[0] = '\0';

	#ifdef _WIN32
	HANDLE process = GetCurrentProcess();
	DWORD64 displacement = 0;
	DWORD64 base = SymGetModuleBase64(process, (DWORD64)addr);

	char module_path[MAX_PATH] = "";
	const char *image = "unknown";
	if (base && GetModuleFileNameA((HMODULE)(uintptr_t)base, module_path, (DWORD)sizeof(module_path)) > 0)
	image = path_basename_const(module_path);

	union {
	SYMBOL_INFO info;
	char storage[sizeof(SYMBOL_INFO) + MAX_SYM_NAME];
	} symbol_buf;

	SYMBOL_INFO *symbol = &symbol_buf.info;
	memset(&symbol_buf, 0, sizeof(symbol_buf));
	symbol->SizeOfStruct = sizeof(SYMBOL_INFO);
	symbol->MaxNameLen = MAX_SYM_NAME;

	if (SymFromAddr(process, (DWORD64)addr, &displacement, symbol)) {
	snprintf(
	out, out_cap, "%s 0x%016llx %s + %llu", image,
	(unsigned long long)addr, symbol->Name, (unsigned long long)displacement);
	return;
	}

	snprintf(out, out_cap, "%s 0x%016llx", image, (unsigned long long)addr);
	#else
	Dl_info info;
	memset(&info, 0, sizeof(info));

	if (dladdr((void *)addr, &info) && info.dli_fname) {
	const char *image = path_basename_const(info.dli_fname);
	if (info.dli_sname && info.dli_saddr) {
	unsigned long long offset = (unsigned long long)(addr - (uintptr_t)info.dli_saddr);
	snprintf(
	out, out_cap, "%s 0x%016llx %s + %llu",
	image, (unsigned long long)addr, info.dli_sname, offset);
	return;
	}
	if (info.dli_fbase) {
	unsigned long long offset = (unsigned long long)(addr - (uintptr_t)info.dli_fbase);
	snprintf(out, out_cap, "%s 0x%016llx + %llu", image, (unsigned long long)addr, offset);
	return;
	}
	snprintf(out, out_cap, "%s 0x%016llx", image, (unsigned long long)addr);
	return;
	}

	snprintf(out, out_cap, "0x%016llx", (unsigned long long)addr);
	#endif
	}

	static size_t build_report_payload(
	char *payload_buf, size_t payload_cap,
	const char kind, const char code, const char *reason,
	uint64_t fault_addr, const uintptr_t *frames, int frame_count
	) {
	crash_buf_t p = { payload_buf, payload_cap, 0 };
	cb_puts(&p, "{\"upload\":");
	cb_puts(&p, should_upload_report() ? "true" : "false");
	cb_puts(&p, ",\"trace\":");
	cb_puts(&p, crash_print_trace ? "true" : "false");
	cb_puts(&p, ",\"pid\":");
	cb_put_uint(&p, crash_process_id());
	cb_puts(&p, ",\"argv\":[");
	cb_puts(&p, crash_argv);
	cb_puts(&p, "],\"report\":{\"schema\":1,\"runtime\":\"ant\",\"version\":");
	cb_put_json_string(&p, ANT_VERSION);
	cb_puts(&p, ",\"target\":");
	cb_put_json_string(&p, ANT_TARGET_TRIPLE);
	cb_puts(&p, ",\"os\":");
	cb_put_json_string(&p, os_display_name());
	cb_puts(&p, ",\"arch\":");
	cb_put_json_string(&p, arch_name());
	cb_puts(&p, ",\"kind\":");
	cb_put_json_string(&p, kind);
	cb_puts(&p, ",\"code\":");
	cb_put_json_string(&p, code);
	cb_puts(&p, ",\"reason\":");
	cb_put_json_string(&p, reason);
	cb_puts(&p, ",\"addr\":");
	cb_putc(&p, '"');
	cb_put_hex(&p, fault_addr);
	cb_putc(&p, '"');
	cb_puts(&p, ",\"elapsedMs\":");
	cb_put_uint(&p, now_ms() - crash_start_ms);
	cb_puts(&p, ",\"peakRss\":");
	cb_put_uint(&p, peak_rss_bytes());
	cb_puts(&p, ",\"frames\":[");
	for (int i = 0; i < frame_count && i < ANT_CRASH_FRAME_MAX; i++) {
	if (i) cb_putc(&p, ',');
	char frame_text[384];
	format_native_frame(frame_text, sizeof(frame_text), frames[i]);
	cb_put_json_string(&p, frame_text);
	}
	cb_puts(&p, "]}}");

	return p.len;
	}

	static bool crash_stderr_is_tty(void) {
	#ifdef _WIN32
	return _isatty(_fileno(stderr)) != 0;
	#else
	return isatty(fileno(stderr));
	#endif
	}

	#ifndef _WIN32
	static void write_all_fd(int fd, const char *data, size_t len) {
	while (len > 0) {
	ssize_t n = write(fd, data, len);
	if (n <= 0) return;
	data += n;
	len -= (size_t)n;
	}}

	static void spawn_reporter(const char *payload, size_t payload_len) {
	int stdin_pipe[2];
	if (pipe(stdin_pipe) != 0) return;

	pid_t pid = fork();
	if (pid != 0) {
	close(stdin_pipe[0]);
	if (pid > 0) write_all_fd(stdin_pipe[1], payload, payload_len);
	close(stdin_pipe[1]);
	if (pid > 0) {
	int status = 0;
	(void)waitpid(pid, &status, 0);
	}
	return;
	}

	close(stdin_pipe[1]);
	dup2(stdin_pipe[0], STDIN_FILENO);
	if (stdin_pipe[0] > STDERR_FILENO) close(stdin_pipe[0]);

	int null_out = open("/dev/null", O_WRONLY);
	if (null_out >= 0) {
	dup2(null_out, STDOUT_FILENO);
	if (null_out > STDERR_FILENO) close(null_out);
	}

	const char *exe = crash_exe_path[0] ? crash_exe_path : "ant";
	char *const reporter_argv[] = {
	(char *)exe,
	"__internal-crash-report",
	NULL
	};

	execv(exe, reporter_argv);
	execvp(exe, reporter_argv);
	_exit(0);
	}
	#else
	static void spawn_reporter(const char *payload, size_t payload_len) {
	if (!crash_exe_path[0]) return;

	SECURITY_ATTRIBUTES sa;
	memset(&sa, 0, sizeof(sa));
	sa.nLength = sizeof(sa);
	sa.bInheritHandle = TRUE;

	HANDLE read_pipe = NULL;
	HANDLE write_pipe = NULL;
	if (!CreatePipe(&read_pipe, &write_pipe, &sa, 0)) return;
	SetHandleInformation(write_pipe, HANDLE_FLAG_INHERIT, 0);

	HANDLE null_out = CreateFileA("NUL", GENERIC_WRITE, FILE_SHARE_WRITE, &sa, OPEN_EXISTING, FILE_ATTRIBUTE_NORMAL, NULL);

	char cmd[ANT_CRASH_EXE_PATH_MAX + 64] = "";
	snprintf(cmd, sizeof(cmd), "\"%s\" __internal-crash-report", crash_exe_path);

	STARTUPINFOA si;
	PROCESS_INFORMATION pi;
	memset(&si, 0, sizeof(si));
	memset(&pi, 0, sizeof(pi));
	si.cb = sizeof(si);
	si.dwFlags = STARTF_USESTDHANDLES;
	si.hStdInput = read_pipe;
	si.hStdOutput = null_out != INVALID_HANDLE_VALUE ? null_out : GetStdHandle(STD_OUTPUT_HANDLE);
	si.hStdError = GetStdHandle(STD_ERROR_HANDLE);

	if (CreateProcessA(NULL, cmd, NULL, NULL, TRUE, 0, NULL, NULL, &si, &pi)) {
	CloseHandle(read_pipe);
	DWORD written = 0;
	WriteFile(write_pipe, payload, (DWORD)payload_len, &written, NULL);
	CloseHandle(write_pipe);
	WaitForSingleObject(pi.hProcess, INFINITE);
	CloseHandle(pi.hThread);
	CloseHandle(pi.hProcess);
	} else {
	CloseHandle(read_pipe);
	CloseHandle(write_pipe);
	}
	if (null_out != INVALID_HANDLE_VALUE) CloseHandle(null_out);
	}
	#endif

	static void crash_report_print_upload_failed(void) {
	if (crash_report_status_inline) crfprintf(stderr, "\r\033[2K <red>Crash report upload failed.</red>\n");
	else crfprintf(stderr, "<red>Crash report upload failed.</red>\n");
	}

	static void crash_report_print_upload_error(const char *message) {
	crash_report_print_upload_failed();
	if (message && *message) fprintf(stderr, "%s\n", message);
	}

	static ant_value_t crash_report_noop(ant_t js, ant_value_t args, int nargs) {
	if (crash_report_status_printed) return js_mkundef();
	crash_report_status_printed = true;

	if (args && nargs > 0) crash_report_print_upload_error(js_str(js, args[0]));
	else crash_report_print_upload_failed();

	return js_mkundef();
	}

	static ant_value_t crash_report_print_url(ant_t js, ant_value_t args, int nargs) {
	if (nargs < 1) return js_mkundef();

	size_t len = 0;
	const char *s = vtype(args[0]) == T_STR ? js_getstr(js, args[0], &len) : NULL;

	if (!s \|\| len == 0) {
	if (!crash_report_status_printed) {
	crash_report_status_printed = true;
	crash_report_print_upload_failed();
	}
	return js_mkundef();
	}

	crash_report_status_printed = true;
	if (crash_report_status_inline) crfprintf(stderr, "\r\033[2K <cyan>%.*s</cyan>\n\n", (int)len, s);
	else crfprintf(stderr, "\n <cyan>%.*s</cyan>\n\n", (int)len, s);

	return args[0];
	}

	static ant_value_t crash_report_response_text(ant_t js, ant_value_t args, int nargs) {
	if (nargs < 1) return js_mkundef();

	ant_value_t text_fn = js_getprop_fallback(js, args[0], "text");
	if (!is_callable(text_fn)) {
	if (!crash_report_status_printed) {
	crash_report_status_printed = true;
	crash_report_print_upload_failed();
	fputs("Response.text is not available.\n", stderr);
	}
	return js_mkundef();
	}

	ant_value_t text_promise = sv_vm_call(js->vm, js, text_fn, args[0], NULL, 0, NULL, false);
	if (is_err(text_promise)) return text_promise;

	ant_value_t print_promise = js_promise_then(
	js, text_promise,
	js_mkfun(crash_report_print_url),
	js_mkfun(crash_report_noop)
	);

	promise_mark_handled(text_promise);
	promise_mark_handled(print_promise);

	return js_mkundef();
	}

	static void crash_report_url(char *out, size_t out_cap) {
	const char *base = getenv("ANT_CRASH_REPORT_URL");
	if (!base \|\| !*base) base = "https://js.report";

	size_t n = strlen(base);
	while (n > 0 && base[n - 1] == '/') n--;
	if (n >= out_cap) n = out_cap - 1;

	memcpy(out, base, n);
	out[n] = '\0';
	strncat(out, "/report", out_cap - strlen(out) - 1);
	}

	static char crash_read_stdin(size_t len) {
	size_t cap = 4096;
	*len = 0;
	char *buf = malloc(cap);
	if (!buf) return NULL;

	size_t n = 0;
	while ((n = fread(buf + len, 1, cap - len, stdin)) > 0) {
	*len += n;
	if (*len == cap) {
	cap *= 2;
	char *next = realloc(buf, cap);
	if (!next) {
	free(buf);
	return NULL;
	}
	buf = next;
	}}

	buf[*len] = '\0';
	return buf;
	}

	static ant_value_t crash_get(ant_t js, ant_value_t obj, const char key) {
	if (!is_object_type(obj)) return js_mkundef();
	return js_get(js, obj, key);
	}

	static const char crash_get_string(ant_t js, ant_value_t obj, const char key, size_t len, const char *fallback) {
	ant_value_t value = crash_get(js, obj, key);
	if (vtype(value) == T_STR) {
	const char *s = js_getstr(js, value, len);
	if (s) return s;
	}
	*len = strlen(fallback);
	return fallback;
	}

	static unsigned long long crash_get_uint(ant_t js, ant_value_t obj, const char key) {
	ant_value_t value = crash_get(js, obj, key);
	if (vtype(value) != T_NUM) return 0;
	double n = js_getnum(value);
	if (n <= 0) return 0;
	return (unsigned long long)n;
	}

	static void crash_format_bytes(char *out, size_t out_cap, unsigned long long bytes) {
	if (bytes == 0) {
	snprintf(out, out_cap, "unknown");
	return;
	}

	if (bytes >= 1024ULL * 1024ULL)
	snprintf(out, out_cap, "%lluMB", bytes / (1024ULL * 1024ULL));
	else if (bytes >= 1024ULL)
	snprintf(out, out_cap, "%lluKB", bytes / 1024ULL);
	else
	snprintf(out, out_cap, "%lluB", bytes);
	}

	static void crash_print_quoted_value(ant_t *js, ant_value_t value) {
	size_t len = 0;
	const char *s = NULL;

	if (vtype(value) == T_STR) s = js_getstr(js, value, &len);
	if (!s) {
	s = "<unknown>";
	len = strlen(s);
	}

	fputc('"', stderr);
	for (size_t i = 0; i < len; i++) {
	char c = s[i];
	if (c == '"' \|\| c == '\\') fputc('\\', stderr);
	if (c == '\n' \|\| c == '\r') c = ' ';
	fputc(c, stderr);
	}

	fputc('"', stderr);
	}

	static void crash_print_string_value(ant_t *js, ant_value_t value) {
	size_t len = 0;
	const char *s = NULL;

	if (vtype(value) == T_STR) s = js_getstr(js, value, &len);
	if (!s) {
	s = "<unknown>";
	len = strlen(s);
	}

	for (size_t i = 0; i < len; i++) {
	char c = s[i];
	if (c == '\n' \|\| c == '\r') c = ' ';
	fputc(c, stderr);
	}
	}

	static void crash_print_args(ant_t *js, ant_value_t argv) {
	crfprintf(stderr, "<dim>Args:");
	if (vtype(argv) != T_ARR \|\| js_arr_len(js, argv) == 0) {
	fputs(" \"ant\"\n", stderr);
	return;
	}

	ant_offset_t len = js_arr_len(js, argv);
	for (ant_offset_t i = 0; i < len; i++) {
	fputc(' ', stderr);
	crash_print_quoted_value(js, js_arr_get(js, argv, i));
	}
	fputc('\n', stderr);
	}

	static void crash_print_frames(ant_t *js, ant_value_t report) {
	ant_value_t frames = crash_get(js, report, "frames");
	crfprintf(stderr, "<dim>Native backtrace:</>\n");
	if (vtype(frames) != T_ARR \|\| js_arr_len(js, frames) == 0) {
	crfprintf(stderr, " <dim>(no native frames were captured)</>\n\n");
	return;
	}

	ant_offset_t len = js_arr_len(js, frames);
	for (ant_offset_t i = 0; i < len; i++) {
	fputs(" ", stderr);
	fprintf(stderr, "%-2lld ", (long long)i);
	crash_print_string_value(js, js_arr_get(js, frames, i));
	fputc('\n', stderr);
	}
	fputc('\n', stderr);
	}

	static void crash_print_report_summary(ant_t *js, ant_value_t report, ant_value_t argv, bool upload, bool trace, unsigned long long pid) {
	size_t code_len = 0, addr_len = 0, reason_len = 0;

	const char *code = crash_get_string(js, report, "code", &code_len, "SIGNAL");
	const char *addr = crash_get_string(js, report, "addr", &addr_len, "0x0");
	const char *reason = crash_get_string(js, report, "reason", &reason_len, "Fatal signal");

	unsigned long long elapsed = crash_get_uint(js, report, "elapsedMs");
	unsigned long long peak_rss = crash_get_uint(js, report, "peakRss");

	const char *detail = crash_code_detail(code, code_len);
	int signal_number = crash_code_signal_number(code, code_len);

	char peak_rss_text[32];
	crash_format_bytes(peak_rss_text, sizeof(peak_rss_text), peak_rss);

	fprintf(stderr, "=== (%llu) ===================================================\n", pid);

	crfprintf(stderr, "<dim>Ant v%s (%s) %s</>\n", ant_semver(), ANT_GIT_HASH, ANT_TARGET_TRIPLE);
	crfprintf(stderr, "<dim>%s</>\n", os_display_name());

	crash_print_args(js, argv);

	crfprintf(stderr, "<dim>Summary: %s (%.*s) with signal %d</>\n", detail, (int)code_len, code, signal_number);
	crfprintf(stderr, "<dim>Elapsed: %llums \| RSS Peak: %s</>\n\n", elapsed, peak_rss_text);
	crfprintf(stderr, "<red>panic</red><dim>(main thread):</> %.s at address %.s \n", (int)reason_len, reason, (int)addr_len, addr);

	crfprintf(stderr, "oh no<dim>:</> Ant has crashed. This indicates a bug in Ant, not your code.\n\n");
	if (trace) crash_print_frames(js, report);

	if (upload) {
	crfprintf(stderr, "To send a redacted crash report to Ant's team,\n");
	crfprintf(stderr, "please file a GitHub issue using the link below:\n\n");
	if (crash_report_status_inline) crfprintf(stderr, " <yellow>uploading...</>");
	}
	else crfprintf(stderr, "Crash reporting is disabled for this process.\n\n");
	}

	int ant_crash_run_internal_report(ant_t *js) {
	if (!js) return EXIT_FAILURE;

	size_t payload_len = 0;
	char *payload = crash_read_stdin(&payload_len);
	if (!payload) return EXIT_FAILURE;

	crash_report_status_printed = false;

	ant_value_t wrapper_json = js_mkstr(js, payload, payload_len);
	ant_value_t wrapper = json_parse_value(js, wrapper_json);

	if (is_err(wrapper) \|\| !is_object_type(wrapper)) {
	crash_report_print_upload_failed();
	free(payload);
	return EXIT_FAILURE;
	}

	ant_value_t report = crash_get(js, wrapper, "report");
	if (!is_object_type(report)) {
	crash_report_print_upload_failed();
	free(payload);
	return EXIT_FAILURE;
	}

	bool upload = js_truthy(js, crash_get(js, wrapper, "upload"));
	bool trace = js_truthy(js, crash_get(js, wrapper, "trace"));

	unsigned long long pid = crash_get_uint(js, wrapper, "pid");
	ant_value_t argv = crash_get(js, wrapper, "argv");

	crash_report_status_inline = upload && crash_stderr_is_tty();
	crash_print_report_summary(js, report, argv, upload, trace, pid);

	if (!upload) {
	free(payload);
	return EXIT_SUCCESS;
	}

	ant_value_t report_json = js_json_stringify(js, &report, 1);
	if (vtype(report_json) != T_STR) {
	crash_report_print_upload_failed();
	free(payload);
	return EXIT_FAILURE;
	}

	size_t report_payload_len = 0;
	const char *report_payload = js_getstr(js, report_json, &report_payload_len);
	if (!report_payload) {
	crash_report_print_upload_failed();
	free(payload);
	return EXIT_FAILURE;
	}

	fflush(stderr);
	char url[512] = "";
	crash_report_url(url, sizeof(url));

	ant_value_t headers = js_mkobj(js);
	js_set(js, headers, "content-type", js_mkstr(js, "application/json", 16));

	ant_value_t init = js_mkobj(js);
	js_set(js, init, "headers", headers);
	js_set(js, init, "method", js_mkstr(js, "POST", 4));
	js_set(js, init, "body", js_mkstr(js, report_payload, report_payload_len));

	ant_value_t fetch_args[2] = { js_mkstr(js, url, strlen(url)), init };
	ant_value_t fetch_promise = ant_fetch(js, fetch_args, 2);

	if (is_err(fetch_promise)) {
	crash_report_status_printed = true;
	crash_report_print_upload_error(js_str(js, fetch_promise));
	free(payload);
	return EXIT_FAILURE;
	}

	ant_value_t report_promise = js_promise_then(
	js, fetch_promise,
	js_mkfun(crash_report_response_text),
	js_mkfun(crash_report_noop)
	);

	promise_mark_handled(fetch_promise);
	if (is_err(report_promise)) {
	crash_report_status_printed = true;
	crash_report_print_upload_error(js_str(js, report_promise));
	free(payload);
	return EXIT_FAILURE;
	}

	promise_mark_handled(report_promise);
	js_run_event_loop(js);
	free(payload);

	return EXIT_SUCCESS;
	}

	void ant_crash_suppress_reporting(void) {
	crash_reporting_suppressed = 1;
	}

	#ifndef _WIN32
	static int install_altstack(void) {
	#ifdef SA_ONSTACK
	static void *stack_mem;
	if (stack_mem) return 1;

	stack_mem = malloc(ANT_CRASH_ALT_STACK_SIZE);
	if (!stack_mem) return 0;

	stack_t ss;
	memset(&ss, 0, sizeof(ss));
	ss.ss_sp = stack_mem;
	ss.ss_size = ANT_CRASH_ALT_STACK_SIZE;
	ss.ss_flags = 0;

	if (sigaltstack(&ss, NULL) == 0) return 1;

	free(stack_mem);
	stack_mem = NULL;
	#endif
	return 0;
	}

	static void crash_handler(int sig, siginfo_t info, void ucontext) {
	struct sigaction dfl;
	memset(&dfl, 0, sizeof(dfl));

	dfl.sa_handler = SIG_DFL;
	sigemptyset(&dfl.sa_mask);
	sigaction(sig, &dfl, NULL);

	uintptr_t frames[ANT_CRASH_FRAME_MAX] = {0};
	int frame_count = 0;
	#ifdef ANT_CRASH_HAVE_EXECINFO
	void *raw_frames[64];
	int n = backtrace(raw_frames, (int)(sizeof(raw_frames) / sizeof(raw_frames[0])));
	int skip = n > 1 ? 1 : 0;
	for (int i = skip; i < n && frame_count < ANT_CRASH_FRAME_MAX; i++)
	frames[frame_count++] = (uintptr_t)raw_frames[i];
	#elif defined(ANT_CRASH_HAVE_UNWIND_BACKTRACE)
	(void)ucontext;
	crash_unwind_state_t state = { frames, 0, 1 };
	_Unwind_Backtrace(collect_unwind_frame, &state);
	frame_count = state.frame_count;
	#endif

	uint64_t fault_addr = info ? (uint64_t)(uintptr_t)info->si_addr : 0;
	char payload[ANT_CRASH_PAYLOAD_MAX] = "";
	const char *reason = posix_signal_reason(sig);
	const char *code = posix_signal_code(sig);

	size_t payload_len = build_report_payload(
	payload, sizeof(payload), "signal", code,
	reason, fault_addr, frames, frame_count
	);

	spawn_reporter(payload, payload_len);
	#ifdef SIGTRAP
	struct sigaction trap_dfl;
	memset(&trap_dfl, 0, sizeof(trap_dfl));
	trap_dfl.sa_handler = SIG_DFL;
	sigemptyset(&trap_dfl.sa_mask);
	sigaction(SIGTRAP, &trap_dfl, NULL);
	raise(SIGTRAP);
	#else
	raise(sig);
	#endif
	}

	void ant_crash_init(int argc, char **argv) {
	crash_start_ms = now_ms();
	init_exe_path(argc, argv);
	init_argv_strings(argc, argv);
	init_report_controls();

	struct sigaction sa;
	memset(&sa, 0, sizeof(sa));
	sa.sa_sigaction = crash_handler;
	sa.sa_flags = SA_SIGINFO \| SA_RESETHAND;
	#ifdef SA_ONSTACK
	if (install_altstack()) sa.sa_flags \|= SA_ONSTACK;
	#endif
	sigemptyset(&sa.sa_mask);
	static const int sigs[] = { SIGSEGV, SIGBUS, SIGFPE, SIGILL, SIGABRT };
	for (size_t i = 0; i < sizeof(sigs) / sizeof(sigs[0]); i++) sigaction(sigs[i], &sa, NULL);
	}

	#else // _WIN32
	#include <process.h>

	static LPTOP_LEVEL_EXCEPTION_FILTER previous_filter;
	static volatile LONG crash_in_progress;

	static const char *exception_name(DWORD code) {
	switch (code) {
	case EXCEPTION_ACCESS_VIOLATION: return "EXCEPTION_ACCESS_VIOLATION";
	case EXCEPTION_ARRAY_BOUNDS_EXCEEDED: return "EXCEPTION_ARRAY_BOUNDS_EXCEEDED";
	case EXCEPTION_BREAKPOINT: return "EXCEPTION_BREAKPOINT";
	case EXCEPTION_DATATYPE_MISALIGNMENT: return "EXCEPTION_DATATYPE_MISALIGNMENT";
	case EXCEPTION_FLT_DENORMAL_OPERAND: return "EXCEPTION_FLT_DENORMAL_OPERAND";
	case EXCEPTION_FLT_DIVIDE_BY_ZERO: return "EXCEPTION_FLT_DIVIDE_BY_ZERO";
	case EXCEPTION_FLT_INEXACT_RESULT: return "EXCEPTION_FLT_INEXACT_RESULT";
	case EXCEPTION_FLT_INVALID_OPERATION: return "EXCEPTION_FLT_INVALID_OPERATION";
	case EXCEPTION_FLT_OVERFLOW: return "EXCEPTION_FLT_OVERFLOW";
	case EXCEPTION_FLT_STACK_CHECK: return "EXCEPTION_FLT_STACK_CHECK";
	case EXCEPTION_FLT_UNDERFLOW: return "EXCEPTION_FLT_UNDERFLOW";
	case EXCEPTION_ILLEGAL_INSTRUCTION: return "EXCEPTION_ILLEGAL_INSTRUCTION";
	case EXCEPTION_IN_PAGE_ERROR: return "EXCEPTION_IN_PAGE_ERROR";
	case EXCEPTION_INT_DIVIDE_BY_ZERO: return "EXCEPTION_INT_DIVIDE_BY_ZERO";
	case EXCEPTION_INT_OVERFLOW: return "EXCEPTION_INT_OVERFLOW";
	case EXCEPTION_INVALID_DISPOSITION: return "EXCEPTION_INVALID_DISPOSITION";
	case EXCEPTION_NONCONTINUABLE_EXCEPTION: return "EXCEPTION_NONCONTINUABLE_EXCEPTION";
	case EXCEPTION_PRIV_INSTRUCTION: return "EXCEPTION_PRIV_INSTRUCTION";
	case EXCEPTION_STACK_OVERFLOW: return "EXCEPTION_STACK_OVERFLOW";
	default: return "fatal exception";
	}}

	static const char *exception_reason(DWORD code) {
	switch (code) {
	case EXCEPTION_ACCESS_VIOLATION: return "Segmentation fault";
	case EXCEPTION_ILLEGAL_INSTRUCTION: return "Illegal instruction";
	case EXCEPTION_STACK_OVERFLOW: return "Stack overflow";
	case EXCEPTION_INT_DIVIDE_BY_ZERO:
	case EXCEPTION_FLT_DIVIDE_BY_ZERO: return "Divide by zero";
	default: return "Fatal exception";
	}}

	static DWORD64 exception_fault_address(EXCEPTION_RECORD *record) {
	if (!record) return 0;
	if ((
	record->ExceptionCode == EXCEPTION_ACCESS_VIOLATION \|\|
	record->ExceptionCode == EXCEPTION_IN_PAGE_ERROR)
	&& record->NumberParameters >= 2
	) return (DWORD64)record->ExceptionInformation[1];
	return (DWORD64)(uintptr_t)record->ExceptionAddress;
	}

	static BOOL init_stack_frame(CONTEXT ctx, STACKFRAME64 frame, DWORD *machine) {
	memset(frame, 0, sizeof(*frame));
	#if defined(_M_X64) \|\| defined(__x86_64__)
	*machine = IMAGE_FILE_MACHINE_AMD64;
	frame->AddrPC.Offset = ctx->Rip;
	frame->AddrFrame.Offset = ctx->Rbp;
	frame->AddrStack.Offset = ctx->Rsp;
	#elif defined(_M_IX86) \|\| defined(__i386__)
	*machine = IMAGE_FILE_MACHINE_I386;
	frame->AddrPC.Offset = ctx->Eip;
	frame->AddrFrame.Offset = ctx->Ebp;
	frame->AddrStack.Offset = ctx->Esp;
	#elif defined(_M_ARM64) \|\| defined(__aarch64__)
	*machine = IMAGE_FILE_MACHINE_ARM64;
	frame->AddrPC.Offset = ctx->Pc;
	frame->AddrFrame.Offset = ctx->Fp;
	frame->AddrStack.Offset = ctx->Sp;
	#else
	return FALSE;
	#endif
	frame->AddrPC.Mode = AddrModeFlat;
	frame->AddrFrame.Mode = AddrModeFlat;
	frame->AddrStack.Mode = AddrModeFlat;
	return TRUE;
	}

	static int collect_windows_frames(EXCEPTION_POINTERS exc, uintptr_t frames, int max_frames) {
	if (!exc \|\| !exc->ContextRecord) return 0;
	HANDLE process = GetCurrentProcess();
	HANDLE thread = GetCurrentThread();
	CONTEXT ctx = *exc->ContextRecord;
	STACKFRAME64 frame;
	DWORD machine;
	if (!init_stack_frame(&ctx, &frame, &machine)) return 0;

	int count = 0;
	while (count < max_frames) {
	DWORD64 addr = frame.AddrPC.Offset;
	if (addr == 0) break;
	frames[count++] = (uintptr_t)addr;
	DWORD64 prev_pc = frame.AddrPC.Offset;
	DWORD64 prev_sp = frame.AddrStack.Offset;
	BOOL ok = StackWalk64(
	machine, process, thread, &frame, &ctx, NULL,
	SymFunctionTableAccess64, SymGetModuleBase64, NULL
	);
	if (!ok \|\| (frame.AddrPC.Offset == prev_pc && frame.AddrStack.Offset == prev_sp)) break;
	}
	return count;
	}

	static LONG WINAPI windows_crash_handler(EXCEPTION_POINTERS *exc) {
	if (InterlockedExchange(&crash_in_progress, 1) != 0)
	return EXCEPTION_CONTINUE_SEARCH;

	HANDLE process = GetCurrentProcess();
	SymSetOptions(SYMOPT_DEFERRED_LOADS \| SYMOPT_LOAD_LINES \| SYMOPT_UNDNAME);
	SymInitialize(process, NULL, TRUE);

	EXCEPTION_RECORD *record = exc ? exc->ExceptionRecord : NULL;
	DWORD code = record ? record->ExceptionCode : 0;
	uint64_t fault_addr = (uint64_t)exception_fault_address(record);

	uintptr_t frames[ANT_CRASH_FRAME_MAX] = {0};
	int frame_count = collect_windows_frames(exc, frames, ANT_CRASH_FRAME_MAX);
	char payload[ANT_CRASH_PAYLOAD_MAX] = "";

	size_t payload_len = build_report_payload(
	payload, sizeof(payload), "exception", exception_name(code),
	exception_reason(code), fault_addr, frames, frame_count
	);

	spawn_reporter(payload, payload_len);
	if (previous_filter) return previous_filter(exc);
	return EXCEPTION_EXECUTE_HANDLER;
	}

	void ant_crash_init(int argc, char **argv) {
	crash_start_ms = now_ms();
	init_exe_path(argc, argv);
	init_argv_strings(argc, argv);
	init_report_controls();
	previous_filter = SetUnhandledExceptionFilter(windows_crash_handler);
	}

	#endif

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