loader.c
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loader.c
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	#include "esm/loader.h"
	#include "esm/commonjs.h"
	#include "esm/library.h"
	#include "esm/remote.h"

	#include "silver/engine.h"
	#include "modules/json.h"
	#include "modules/napi.h"

	#include "errors.h"
	#include "internal.h"
	#include "reactor.h"
	#include "utils.h"

	#include <libgen.h>
	#include <stdio.h>
	#include <stdlib.h>
	#include <string.h>
	#include <sys/stat.h>
	#include <unistd.h>
	#include <uthash.h>
	#include <yyjson.h>

	typedef enum {
	ESM_MODULE_KIND_CODE = 0,
	ESM_MODULE_KIND_JSON,
	ESM_MODULE_KIND_TEXT,
	ESM_MODULE_KIND_IMAGE,
	ESM_MODULE_KIND_NATIVE,
	ESM_MODULE_KIND_URL,
	} esm_module_kind_t;

	typedef enum {
	ESM_MODULE_FORMAT_UNKNOWN = 0,
	ESM_MODULE_FORMAT_ESM,
	ESM_MODULE_FORMAT_CJS,
	} esm_module_format_t;

	typedef struct esm_module {
	char *path;
	char *resolved_path;
	char *url_content;
	size_t url_content_len;
	jsval_t namespace_obj;
	jsval_t default_export;
	UT_hash_handle hh;
	esm_module_kind_t kind;
	esm_module_format_t format;
	bool is_loaded;
	bool is_loading;
	} esm_module_t;

	typedef struct {
	esm_module_t *modules;
	int count;
	} esm_module_cache_t;

	typedef struct {
	char *data;
	size_t size;
	} esm_file_data_t;

	static esm_module_cache_t global_module_cache = {NULL, 0};
	static char esm_resolve_node_module(const char specifier, const char *base_path);

	static jsval_t esm_get_import_meta_raw(ant_t *js) {
	jsval_t import_fn = js_get(js, js->global, "import");
	if (vtype(import_fn) != T_FUNC) return js_mkundef();
	return js_get(js, js_func_obj(import_fn), "meta");
	}

	static void esm_set_import_meta_main_flag(ant_t *js, bool is_main) {
	jsval_t meta = esm_get_import_meta_raw(js);
	if (vtype(meta) != T_OBJ) return;
	js_set(js, meta, "main", is_main ? js_true : js_false);
	}

	static char esm_file_url_to_path(const char specifier) {
	if (!specifier \|\| strncmp(specifier, "file:", 5) != 0) return NULL;

	const char *p = specifier + 5;
	if (strncmp(p, "///", 3) == 0) p += 2;
	else if (strncmp(p, "//localhost/", 12) == 0) p += 11;

	if (*p == '\0') return NULL;
	return strdup(p);
	}

	static char esm_get_extension(const char path) {
	const char *dot = strrchr(path, '.');
	const char *slash = strrchr(path, '/');

	if (dot && (!slash \|\| dot > slash)) {
	return strdup(dot);
	}
	return strdup(".js");
	}

	static bool esm_is_relative_specifier(const char *specifier) {
	return
	strcmp(specifier, ".") == 0 \|\|
	strcmp(specifier, "..") == 0 \|\|
	strncmp(specifier, "./", 2) == 0 \|\|
	strncmp(specifier, "../", 3) == 0;
	}

	static char esm_try_resolve(const char dir, const char spec, const char suffix) {
	char path[PATH_MAX];
	snprintf(path, PATH_MAX, "%s/%s%s", dir, spec, suffix);
	char *resolved = realpath(path, NULL);
	if (resolved) {
	struct stat st;
	if (stat(resolved, &st) == 0 && S_ISREG(st.st_mode)) return resolved;
	free(resolved);
	}
	return NULL;
	}

	static bool esm_has_extension(const char *spec) {
	const char *slash = strrchr(spec, '/');
	const char *dot = strrchr(slash ? slash : spec, '.');

	if (!dot) return false;
	for (
	const char const ext = module_resolve_extensions;
	*ext; ext++
	) if (strcmp(dot, *ext) == 0) return true;

	return false;
	}

	static char esm_try_resolve_with_exts(const char dir, const char *spec, bool has_ext) {
	const char const exts = module_resolve_extensions;
	char *result = NULL;

	if ((result = esm_try_resolve(dir, spec, ""))) return result;
	if (has_ext) return NULL;

	for (int i = 0; exts[i]; i++) {
	if ((result = esm_try_resolve(dir, spec, exts[i]))) return result;
	}
	return NULL;
	}

	static char esm_try_resolve_index_with_exts(const char dir, const char *spec) {
	char idx[PATH_MAX];
	snprintf(idx, sizeof(idx), "%s/index", spec);
	return esm_try_resolve_with_exts(dir, idx, false);
	}

	static char *esm_try_resolve_from_extension_list(
	const char *dir,
	const char *spec,
	const char *first_ext,
	const char *skip_ext
	) {
	char *result = NULL;
	if (first_ext && first_ext[0]) {
	if ((result = esm_try_resolve(dir, spec, first_ext))) return result;
	}

	const char const exts = module_resolve_extensions;
	for (int i = 0; exts[i]; i++) {
	if (skip_ext && strcmp(skip_ext, exts[i]) == 0) continue;
	if ((result = esm_try_resolve(dir, spec, exts[i]))) return result;
	}
	return NULL;
	}

	static char esm_resolve_absolute(const char specifier) {
	char *result = esm_try_resolve_with_exts("", specifier, esm_has_extension(specifier));
	if (result) return result;
	return esm_try_resolve_index_with_exts("", specifier);
	}

	static char esm_get_base_dir(const char base_path) {
	if (!base_path \|\| !base_path[0]) {
	char cwd[PATH_MAX];
	if (!getcwd(cwd, sizeof(cwd))) return NULL;
	return strdup(cwd);
	}

	char candidate[PATH_MAX];
	if (base_path[0] == '/') {
	snprintf(candidate, sizeof(candidate), "%s", base_path);
	} else {
	char cwd[PATH_MAX];
	if (!getcwd(cwd, sizeof(cwd))) return NULL;
	snprintf(candidate, sizeof(candidate), "%s/%s", cwd, base_path);
	}

	char *resolved = realpath(candidate, NULL);
	const char *resolved_or_candidate = resolved ? resolved : candidate;

	struct stat st;
	if (stat(resolved_or_candidate, &st) == 0 && S_ISDIR(st.st_mode)) {
	char *out = realpath(resolved_or_candidate, NULL);
	if (!out) out = strdup(resolved_or_candidate);
	if (resolved) free(resolved);
	return out;
	}

	char *tmp = strdup(resolved_or_candidate);
	if (resolved) free(resolved);
	if (!tmp) return NULL;

	char *dir = dirname(tmp);
	char *out = realpath(dir, NULL);
	if (!out) out = strdup(dir);

	free(tmp);
	return out;
	}

	static bool esm_split_package_specifier(
	const char *specifier,
	char *package_name,
	size_t package_name_size,
	const char **subpath_out
	) {
	if (!specifier \|\| !specifier[0]) return false;
	if (specifier[0] == '.' \|\| specifier[0] == '/' \|\| specifier[0] == '#') return false;

	const char *slash = NULL;
	if (specifier[0] == '@') {
	const char *first = strchr(specifier, '/');
	if (!first \|\| first == specifier + 1) return false;
	slash = strchr(first + 1, '/');
	if (first[1] == '\0') return false;
	if (!slash) {
	if (strlen(specifier) >= package_name_size) return false;
	strcpy(package_name, specifier);
	*subpath_out = NULL;
	return true;
	}
	} else slash = strchr(specifier, '/');

	size_t name_len = slash ? (size_t)(slash - specifier) : strlen(specifier);
	if (name_len == 0 \|\| name_len >= package_name_size) return false;
	memcpy(package_name, specifier, name_len);
	package_name[name_len] = '\0';

	if (slash && slash[1] != '\0') *subpath_out = slash + 1;
	else *subpath_out = NULL;

	return true;
	}

	static char esm_find_node_module_dir(const char start_dir, const char *package_name) {
	if (!start_dir \|\| !package_name) return NULL;

	char current[PATH_MAX];
	snprintf(current, sizeof(current), "%s", start_dir);

	while (true) {
	char candidate[PATH_MAX];
	snprintf(candidate, sizeof(candidate), "%s/node_modules/%s", current, package_name);

	struct stat st;
	if (stat(candidate, &st) == 0 && S_ISDIR(st.st_mode)) {
	char *resolved = realpath(candidate, NULL);
	return resolved ? resolved : strdup(candidate);
	}

	if (strcmp(current, "/") == 0) break;
	char *slash = strrchr(current, '/');

	if (!slash) break;
	if (slash == current) current[1] = '\0';
	else *slash = '\0';
	}

	return NULL;
	}

	static bool esm_matches_pattern_key(const char key, const char request, const char *capture, size_t capture_len) {
	const char star = strchr(key, '');
	if (!star) return false;

	size_t key_len = strlen(key);
	size_t req_len = strlen(request);
	size_t prefix_len = (size_t)(star - key);
	size_t suffix_len = key_len - prefix_len - 1;

	if (req_len < prefix_len + suffix_len) return false;
	if (strncmp(request, key, prefix_len) != 0) return false;
	if (suffix_len > 0 && strcmp(request + req_len - suffix_len, star + 1) != 0) return false;

	*capture = request + prefix_len;
	*capture_len = req_len - prefix_len - suffix_len;

	return true;
	}

	static char esm_replace_star(const char pattern, const char *capture, size_t capture_len) {
	const char star = strchr(pattern, '');
	if (!star) return strdup(pattern);

	size_t prefix_len = (size_t)(star - pattern);
	size_t suffix_len = strlen(star + 1);
	size_t out_len = prefix_len + capture_len + suffix_len;
	char out = (char )malloc(out_len + 1);
	if (!out) return NULL;

	memcpy(out, pattern, prefix_len);
	memcpy(out + prefix_len, capture, capture_len);
	memcpy(out + prefix_len + capture_len, star + 1, suffix_len);
	out[out_len] = '\0';

	return out;
	}

	static char *esm_resolve_exports_target(
	yyjson_val *target,
	const char *package_dir,
	const char *capture,
	size_t capture_len,
	const char *base_path,
	bool allow_bare_specifiers
	) {
	if (!target) return NULL;

	if (yyjson_is_str(target)) {
	const char *target_str = yyjson_get_str(target);
	if (!target_str \|\| !target_str[0]) return NULL;

	if (target_str[0] == '.' && target_str[1] == '/') {
	char *mapped = esm_replace_star(target_str + 2, capture, capture_len);
	if (!mapped) return NULL;

	char *resolved = esm_try_resolve_with_exts(package_dir, mapped, esm_has_extension(mapped));
	if (!resolved) resolved = esm_try_resolve_index_with_exts(package_dir, mapped);
	free(mapped);
	return resolved;
	}

	if (!allow_bare_specifiers) return NULL;
	if (target_str[0] == '#') return NULL;
	return esm_resolve_node_module(target_str, base_path);
	}

	if (yyjson_is_arr(target)) {
	size_t idx, max;
	yyjson_val *item;
	yyjson_arr_foreach(target, idx, max, item) {
	char *resolved = esm_resolve_exports_target(
	item, package_dir, capture,
	capture_len, base_path, allow_bare_specifiers
	);
	if (resolved) return resolved;
	}
	return NULL;
	}

	if (yyjson_is_obj(target)) {
	static const char *const conditions[] = {"import", "node", "default"};

	for (size_t i = 0; i < sizeof(conditions) / sizeof(conditions[0]); i++) {
	yyjson_val *cond_target = yyjson_obj_get(target, conditions[i]);
	if (!cond_target) continue;
	char *resolved = esm_resolve_exports_target(
	cond_target, package_dir, capture,
	capture_len, base_path, allow_bare_specifiers
	);
	if (resolved) return resolved;
	}
	}

	return NULL;
	}

	static char *esm_resolve_package_map(
	yyjson_val *map_obj,
	const char *request_key,
	const char *package_dir,
	const char *base_path,
	bool allow_bare_specifiers
	) {
	if (!map_obj \|\| !yyjson_is_obj(map_obj)) return NULL;

	yyjson_val *exact = yyjson_obj_get(map_obj, request_key);
	if (exact) return esm_resolve_exports_target(
	exact, package_dir, "", 0,
	base_path, allow_bare_specifiers
	);

	const char *best_capture = NULL;
	size_t best_capture_len = 0;

	yyjson_val *best_target = NULL;
	size_t best_prefix_len = 0;

	size_t idx, max;
	yyjson_val k, v;

	yyjson_obj_foreach(map_obj, idx, max, k, v) {
	if (!yyjson_is_str(k)) continue;
	const char *key = yyjson_get_str(k);
	if (!key) continue;

	const char *capture = NULL;
	size_t capture_len = 0;
	if (!esm_matches_pattern_key(key, request_key, &capture, &capture_len)) continue;

	const char star = strchr(key, '');
	size_t prefix_len = (size_t)(star - key);
	if (best_target && prefix_len < best_prefix_len) continue;

	best_target = v;
	best_capture = capture;
	best_capture_len = capture_len;
	best_prefix_len = prefix_len;
	}

	if (!best_target) return NULL;
	return esm_resolve_exports_target(
	best_target, package_dir, best_capture,
	best_capture_len, base_path, allow_bare_specifiers
	);
	}

	static char esm_resolve_package_main_entry(yyjson_val root, const char *package_dir) {
	if (!root \|\| !yyjson_is_obj(root)) return NULL;

	yyjson_val *main = yyjson_obj_get(root, "main");
	if (!main \|\| !yyjson_is_str(main)) return NULL;

	const char *main_str = yyjson_get_str(main);
	if (!main_str \|\| !main_str[0]) return NULL;

	char *resolved = esm_try_resolve_with_exts(package_dir, main_str, esm_has_extension(main_str));
	if (!resolved) resolved = esm_try_resolve_index_with_exts(package_dir, main_str);
	return resolved;
	}

	static char esm_resolve_package_entrypoint(const char package_dir, const char subpath, const char base_path) {
	char pkg_json_path[PATH_MAX];
	snprintf(pkg_json_path, sizeof(pkg_json_path), "%s/package.json", package_dir);

	yyjson_doc *doc = yyjson_read_file(pkg_json_path, 0, NULL, NULL);
	yyjson_val *root = doc ? yyjson_doc_get_root(doc) : NULL;
	yyjson_val *exports = (root && yyjson_is_obj(root)) ? yyjson_obj_get(root, "exports") : NULL;

	if (exports) {
	char subpath_key[PATH_MAX];
	if (subpath && subpath[0]) snprintf(subpath_key, sizeof(subpath_key), "./%s", subpath);
	else snprintf(subpath_key, sizeof(subpath_key), ".");

	char *resolved = NULL;
	if (yyjson_is_obj(exports)) {
	bool has_subpath_keys = false;
	size_t idx, max;
	yyjson_val k, v;
	yyjson_obj_foreach(exports, idx, max, k, v) {
	if (!yyjson_is_str(k)) continue;
	const char *key = yyjson_get_str(k);
	if (key && key[0] == '.') { has_subpath_keys = true; break; }
	}
	if (has_subpath_keys) resolved = esm_resolve_package_map(exports, subpath_key, package_dir, base_path, false);
	else if (!subpath \|\| !subpath[0]) resolved = esm_resolve_exports_target(exports, package_dir, "", 0, base_path, false);
	} else if (!subpath \|\| !subpath[0]) resolved = esm_resolve_exports_target(exports, package_dir, "", 0, base_path, false);

	if (doc) yyjson_doc_free(doc);
	return resolved;
	}

	if (!subpath \|\| !subpath[0]) {
	char *resolved = esm_resolve_package_main_entry(root, package_dir);
	if (resolved) {
	if (doc) yyjson_doc_free(doc);
	return resolved;
	}
	if (doc) yyjson_doc_free(doc);
	return esm_try_resolve_index_with_exts(package_dir, ".");
	}

	char *resolved = esm_try_resolve_with_exts(package_dir, subpath, esm_has_extension(subpath));
	if (!resolved) resolved = esm_try_resolve_index_with_exts(package_dir, subpath);
	if (doc) yyjson_doc_free(doc);
	return resolved;
	}

	static char esm_resolve_package_imports(const char specifier, const char *base_path) {
	char *start_dir = esm_get_base_dir(base_path);
	if (!start_dir) return NULL;

	char current[PATH_MAX];
	snprintf(current, sizeof(current), "%s", start_dir);
	free(start_dir);

	while (true) {
	char pkg_json_path[PATH_MAX];
	snprintf(pkg_json_path, sizeof(pkg_json_path), "%s/package.json", current);

	yyjson_doc *doc = yyjson_read_file(pkg_json_path, 0, NULL, NULL);
	if (doc) {
	yyjson_val *root = yyjson_doc_get_root(doc);
	yyjson_val *imports = (root && yyjson_is_obj(root)) ? yyjson_obj_get(root, "imports") : NULL;
	char *resolved = NULL;
	if (imports && yyjson_is_obj(imports)) {
	resolved = esm_resolve_package_map(imports, specifier, current, base_path, true);
	}
	yyjson_doc_free(doc);
	return resolved;
	}

	if (strcmp(current, "/") == 0) break;
	char *slash = strrchr(current, '/');
	if (!slash) break;
	if (slash == current) current[1] = '\0';
	else *slash = '\0';
	}

	return NULL;
	}

	static char esm_resolve_node_module(const char specifier, const char *base_path) {
	char package_name[PATH_MAX];
	const char *subpath = NULL;
	if (!esm_split_package_specifier(specifier, package_name, sizeof(package_name), &subpath)) {
	return NULL;
	}

	char *start_dir = esm_get_base_dir(base_path);
	if (!start_dir) return NULL;

	char *package_dir = esm_find_node_module_dir(start_dir, package_name);
	free(start_dir);
	if (!package_dir) return NULL;

	char *resolved = esm_resolve_package_entrypoint(package_dir, subpath, base_path);
	free(package_dir);
	return resolved;
	}

	static char esm_resolve_relative_path(const char specifier, const char *base_path) {
	char *base_copy = strdup(base_path);
	if (!base_copy) return NULL;
	char *dir = dirname(base_copy);
	char *result = NULL;

	const char *spec = specifier;
	if (strncmp(specifier, "./", 2) == 0) spec = specifier + 2;
	bool has_ext = esm_has_extension(spec);

	if ((result = esm_try_resolve(dir, spec, ""))) goto cleanup;
	if (has_ext) goto cleanup;

	char *base_ext = esm_get_extension(base_path);
	if (!base_ext) goto cleanup;

	if ((result = esm_try_resolve_from_extension_list(dir, spec, base_ext, base_ext))) goto cleanup_ext;

	char idx[PATH_MAX];
	snprintf(idx, sizeof(idx), "%s/index%s", spec, base_ext);
	if ((result = esm_try_resolve(dir, idx, ""))) goto cleanup_ext;

	snprintf(idx, sizeof(idx), "%s/index", spec);
	if ((result = esm_try_resolve_from_extension_list(dir, idx, base_ext, base_ext))) goto cleanup_ext;

	cleanup_ext: {
	free(base_ext);
	}

	cleanup: {
	free(base_copy);
	return result;
	}
	}

	static char esm_resolve_path(const char specifier, const char *base_path) {
	if (!specifier \|\| !specifier[0]) return NULL;

	if (specifier[0] == '/') {
	return esm_resolve_absolute(specifier);
	}

	if (esm_is_relative_specifier(specifier)) {
	return esm_resolve_relative_path(specifier, base_path);
	}

	if (specifier[0] == '#') {
	return esm_resolve_package_imports(specifier, base_path);
	}

	return esm_resolve_node_module(specifier, base_path);
	}

	static bool esm_has_suffix(const char path, const char ext) {
	size_t len = strlen(path);
	size_t elen = strlen(ext);
	return len > elen && strcmp(path + len - elen, ext) == 0;
	}

	static inline bool esm_is_json(const char *path) {
	return esm_has_suffix(path, ".json");
	}

	static inline bool esm_is_text(const char *path) {
	return
	esm_has_suffix(path, ".txt") \|\|
	esm_has_suffix(path, ".md") \|\|
	esm_has_suffix(path, ".html") \|\|
	esm_has_suffix(path, ".css");
	}

	static inline bool esm_is_image(const char *path) {
	return
	esm_has_suffix(path, ".png") \|\|
	esm_has_suffix(path, ".jpg") \|\|
	esm_has_suffix(path, ".jpeg") \|\|
	esm_has_suffix(path, ".gif") \|\|
	esm_has_suffix(path, ".svg") \|\|
	esm_has_suffix(path, ".webp");
	}

	static inline bool esm_is_native(const char *path) {
	return esm_has_suffix(path, ".node");
	}

	static inline bool esm_is_cjs_extension(const char *path) {
	return
	esm_has_suffix(path, ".cjs") \|\|
	esm_has_suffix(path, ".cts");
	}

	static inline bool esm_is_esm_extension(const char *path) {
	return
	esm_has_suffix(path, ".mjs") \|\|
	esm_has_suffix(path, ".mts");
	}

	static bool esm_path_contains_node_modules(const char *path) {
	if (!path) return false;
	if (strstr(path, "/node_modules/")) return true;
	return strstr(path, "\\node_modules\\") != NULL;
	}

	static bool esm_read_package_json_type_module(const char pkg_json_path, bool has_type) {
	if (has_type) *has_type = false;

	yyjson_doc *doc = yyjson_read_file(pkg_json_path, 0, NULL, NULL);
	if (!doc) return false;

	yyjson_val *root = yyjson_doc_get_root(doc);
	yyjson_val *type = (root && yyjson_is_obj(root)) ? yyjson_obj_get(root, "type") : NULL;

	if (!type \|\| !yyjson_is_str(type)) {
	yyjson_doc_free(doc);
	return false;
	}

	const char *type_str = yyjson_get_str(type);
	if (has_type) *has_type = true;

	bool is_module = type_str && strcmp(type_str, "module") == 0;
	yyjson_doc_free(doc);

	return is_module;
	}

	static bool esm_lookup_package_type_module(const char resolved_path, bool is_module) {
	if (is_module) *is_module = false;
	if (!resolved_path \|\| !resolved_path[0]) return false;

	char path_copy[PATH_MAX];
	snprintf(path_copy, sizeof(path_copy), "%s", resolved_path);
	char *dir = dirname(path_copy);
	if (!dir \|\| !dir[0]) return false;

	char current[PATH_MAX];
	snprintf(current, sizeof(current), "%s", dir);

	while (true) {
	char pkg_json_path[PATH_MAX];
	snprintf(pkg_json_path, sizeof(pkg_json_path), "%s/package.json", current);

	struct stat st;
	if (stat(pkg_json_path, &st) == 0 && S_ISREG(st.st_mode)) {
	bool has_type = false;
	bool pkg_is_module = esm_read_package_json_type_module(pkg_json_path, &has_type);
	if (is_module) *is_module = has_type && pkg_is_module;
	return true;
	}

	if (strcmp(current, "/") == 0) break;
	char *slash = strrchr(current, '/');
	if (!slash) break;
	if (slash == current) current[1] = '\0';
	else *slash = '\0';
	}

	return false;
	}

	static esm_module_format_t esm_decide_module_format(const char *resolved_path) {
	if (!resolved_path \|\| !resolved_path[0]) return ESM_MODULE_FORMAT_ESM;
	if (esm_is_cjs_extension(resolved_path)) return ESM_MODULE_FORMAT_CJS;
	if (esm_is_esm_extension(resolved_path)) return ESM_MODULE_FORMAT_ESM;

	if (esm_has_suffix(resolved_path, ".js") && esm_path_contains_node_modules(resolved_path)) {
	bool pkg_is_module = false;
	bool has_package_json = esm_lookup_package_type_module(resolved_path, &pkg_is_module);
	if (!has_package_json) return ESM_MODULE_FORMAT_CJS;
	return pkg_is_module ? ESM_MODULE_FORMAT_ESM : ESM_MODULE_FORMAT_CJS;
	}

	return ESM_MODULE_FORMAT_ESM;
	}

	static jsval_t esm_eval_module_with_format(
	ant_t *js,
	const char *resolved_path,
	const char *js_code,
	size_t js_len,
	jsval_t ns,
	esm_module_format_t format
	) {
	if (format == ESM_MODULE_FORMAT_CJS) {
	return esm_load_commonjs_module(js, resolved_path, js_code, js_len, ns);
	}
	return js_eval_bytecode_module(js, js_code, js_len);
	}

	jsval_t js_esm_eval_module_source(
	ant_t *js,
	const char *resolved_path,
	const char *js_code,
	size_t js_len,
	jsval_t ns
	) {
	esm_module_format_t format = esm_decide_module_format(resolved_path);
	jsval_t prev_module = js->module_ns;
	js->module_ns = ns;

	jsval_t result = esm_eval_module_with_format(
	js, resolved_path, js_code, js_len, ns, format
	);

	js->module_ns = prev_module;
	return result;
	}

	static esm_module_kind_t esm_classify_module_kind(const char *resolved_path) {
	if (esm_is_data_url(resolved_path)) return ESM_MODULE_KIND_URL;
	if (esm_is_url(resolved_path)) return ESM_MODULE_KIND_URL;
	if (esm_is_json(resolved_path)) return ESM_MODULE_KIND_JSON;
	if (esm_is_text(resolved_path)) return ESM_MODULE_KIND_TEXT;
	if (esm_is_image(resolved_path)) return ESM_MODULE_KIND_IMAGE;
	if (esm_is_native(resolved_path)) return ESM_MODULE_KIND_NATIVE;
	return ESM_MODULE_KIND_CODE;
	}

	static char esm_canonicalize_path(const char path) {
	if (!path) return NULL;

	char *canonical = strdup(path);
	if (!canonical) return NULL;

	char src = canonical, dst = canonical;

	while (*src) {
	if (*src == '/') {
	*dst++ = '/';
	while (*src == '/') src++;

	if (strncmp(src, "./", 2) == 0) {
	src += 2;
	} else if (strncmp(src, "../", 3) == 0) {
	src += 3;
	if (dst > canonical + 1) {
	dst--;
	while (dst > canonical && *(dst - 1) != '/') dst--;
	}
	}
	} else {
	dst++ = src++;
	}
	}

	*dst = '\0';

	if (strlen(canonical) > 1 && canonical[strlen(canonical) - 1] == '/') {
	canonical[strlen(canonical) - 1] = '\0';
	}

	return canonical;
	}

	static esm_module_t esm_find_module(const char resolved_path) {
	char *canonical_path = esm_canonicalize_path(resolved_path);
	if (!canonical_path) return NULL;

	esm_module_t *mod = NULL;
	HASH_FIND_STR(global_module_cache.modules, canonical_path, mod);

	free(canonical_path);
	return mod;
	}

	static esm_module_t esm_create_module(const char path, const char *resolved_path) {
	bool is_url = esm_is_url(resolved_path) \|\| esm_is_data_url(resolved_path);
	char *canonical_path = is_url ? strdup(resolved_path) : esm_canonicalize_path(resolved_path);
	if (!canonical_path) return NULL;

	esm_module_t *existing_mod = NULL;
	HASH_FIND_STR(global_module_cache.modules, canonical_path, existing_mod);
	if (existing_mod) {
	free(canonical_path);
	return existing_mod;
	}

	esm_module_t mod = (esm_module_t )malloc(sizeof(esm_module_t));
	if (!mod) {
	free(canonical_path);
	return NULL;
	}

	*mod = (esm_module_t){
	.path = strdup(path),
	.resolved_path = canonical_path,
	.namespace_obj = js_mkundef(),
	.default_export = js_mkundef(),
	.is_loaded = false,
	.is_loading = false,
	.kind = esm_classify_module_kind(resolved_path),
	.format = ESM_MODULE_FORMAT_UNKNOWN,
	.url_content = NULL,
	.url_content_len = 0,
	};

	HASH_ADD_STR(global_module_cache.modules, resolved_path, mod);
	global_module_cache.count++;

	return mod;
	}

	void js_esm_cleanup_module_cache(void) {
	esm_module_t current, tmp;
	HASH_ITER(hh, global_module_cache.modules, current, tmp) {
	HASH_DEL(global_module_cache.modules, current);
	if (current->path) free(current->path);
	if (current->resolved_path) free(current->resolved_path);
	if (current->url_content) free(current->url_content);
	free(current);
	}
	global_module_cache.count = 0;
	}

	void js_esm_gc_roots(void (visit)(void ctx, jsval_t val), void ctx) {
	if (!visit) return;
	esm_module_t mod = NULL, tmp = NULL;
	HASH_ITER(hh, global_module_cache.modules, mod, tmp) {
	visit(ctx, &mod->namespace_obj);
	visit(ctx, &mod->default_export);
	}
	}

	static jsval_t esm_read_file(ant_t js, const char path, const char kind, esm_file_data_t out) {
	FILE *fp = fopen(path, "rb");
	if (!fp) return js_mkerr(js, "Cannot open %s: %s", kind, path);

	fseek(fp, 0, SEEK_END);
	long fsize = ftell(fp);
	fseek(fp, 0, SEEK_SET);

	char buf = (char )malloc((size_t)fsize + 1);
	if (!buf) {
	fclose(fp);
	return js_mkerr(js, "OOM loading %s", kind);
	}

	fread(buf, 1, (size_t)fsize, fp);
	fclose(fp);
	buf[fsize] = '\0';

	out->data = buf;
	out->size = (size_t)fsize;
	return js_mkundef();
	}

	static jsval_t esm_load_json(ant_t js, const char path) {
	esm_file_data_t file;
	jsval_t err = esm_read_file(js, path, "JSON file", &file);
	if (is_err(err)) return err;

	jsval_t json_str = js_mkstr(js, file.data, file.size);
	free(file.data);
	return js_json_parse(js, &json_str, 1);
	}

	static jsval_t esm_load_text(ant_t js, const char path) {
	esm_file_data_t file;
	jsval_t err = esm_read_file(js, path, "text file", &file);
	if (is_err(err)) return err;

	jsval_t result = js_mkstr(js, file.data, file.size);
	free(file.data);
	return result;
	}

	static jsval_t esm_load_image(ant_t js, const char path) {
	esm_file_data_t file;
	jsval_t err = esm_read_file(js, path, "image file", &file);
	if (is_err(err)) return err;

	unsigned char content = (unsigned char )file.data;
	size_t size = file.size;

	jsval_t obj = js_mkobj(js);
	jsval_t data_arr = js_mkarr(js);

	for (size_t i = 0; i < size; i++) {
	js_arr_push(js, data_arr, tov((double)content[i]));
	}

	js_setprop(js, obj, js_mkstr(js, "data", 4), data_arr);
	js_setprop(js, obj, js_mkstr(js, "path", 4), js_mkstr(js, path, strlen(path)));
	js_setprop(js, obj, js_mkstr(js, "size", 4), tov((double)size));

	free(file.data);
	return obj;
	}

	static jsval_t esm_load_module(ant_t js, esm_module_t mod) {
	if (mod->is_loaded) return mod->namespace_obj;
	if (mod->is_loading) return mod->namespace_obj;

	mod->is_loading = true;

	switch (mod->kind) {
	case ESM_MODULE_KIND_JSON: {
	jsval_t json_val = esm_load_json(js, mod->resolved_path);
	if (is_err(json_val)) {
	mod->is_loading = false;
	return json_val;
	}
	mod->namespace_obj = json_val;
	mod->default_export = json_val;
	mod->is_loaded = true;
	mod->is_loading = false;
	return json_val;
	}
	case ESM_MODULE_KIND_TEXT: {
	jsval_t text_val = esm_load_text(js, mod->resolved_path);
	if (is_err(text_val)) {
	mod->is_loading = false;
	return text_val;
	}
	mod->namespace_obj = text_val;
	mod->default_export = text_val;
	mod->is_loaded = true;
	mod->is_loading = false;
	return text_val;
	}
	case ESM_MODULE_KIND_IMAGE: {
	jsval_t img_val = esm_load_image(js, mod->resolved_path);
	if (is_err(img_val)) {
	mod->is_loading = false;
	return img_val;
	}
	mod->namespace_obj = img_val;
	mod->default_export = img_val;
	mod->is_loaded = true;
	mod->is_loading = false;
	return img_val;
	}
	case ESM_MODULE_KIND_NATIVE: {
	jsval_t ns = js_mkobj(js);
	mod->namespace_obj = ns;

	jsval_t native_exports = napi_load_native_module(js, mod->resolved_path, ns);
	if (is_err(native_exports)) {
	mod->is_loading = false;
	return native_exports;
	}

	jsval_t default_val = js_get_slot(js, ns, SLOT_DEFAULT);
	mod->default_export = vtype(default_val) != T_UNDEF ? default_val : ns;
	mod->is_loaded = true;
	mod->is_loading = false;
	return ns;
	}
	case ESM_MODULE_KIND_CODE:
	case ESM_MODULE_KIND_URL:
	break;
	}

	char *content = NULL;
	size_t size = 0;

	if (mod->kind == ESM_MODULE_KIND_URL && esm_is_data_url(mod->resolved_path)) {
	content = esm_parse_data_url(mod->resolved_path, &size);
	if (!content) {
	mod->is_loading = false;
	return js_mkerr(js, "Cannot parse data URL module");
	}
	} else if (mod->kind == ESM_MODULE_KIND_URL) {
	if (mod->url_content) {
	content = strdup(mod->url_content);
	size = mod->url_content_len;
	} else {
	char *error = NULL;
	content = esm_fetch_url(mod->resolved_path, &size, &error);
	if (!content) {
	mod->is_loading = false;
	jsval_t err = js_mkerr(js, "Cannot fetch module %s: %s", mod->resolved_path, error ? error : "unknown error");
	if (error) free(error);
	return err;
	}
	mod->url_content = strdup(content);
	mod->url_content_len = size;
	}
	} else {
	esm_file_data_t file;
	jsval_t err = esm_read_file(js, mod->resolved_path, "module", &file);
	if (is_err(err)) {
	mod->is_loading = false;
	return err;
	}
	content = file.data;
	size = file.size;
	}
	content[size] = '\0';

	size_t js_len = size;
	const char *strip_detail = NULL;

	int strip_result = strip_typescript_inplace(
	&content, size, mod->resolved_path, &js_len, &strip_detail
	);

	if (strip_result < 0) {
	jsval_t err = js_mkerr(
	js, "TypeScript error: strip failed (%d): %s",
	strip_result, strip_detail
	);

	free(content);
	mod->is_loading = false;

	return err;
	}

	char *js_code = content;
	jsval_t ns = js_mkobj(js);
	mod->namespace_obj = ns;

	jsval_t prev_module = js->module_ns;
	js->module_ns = ns;

	const char *prev_filename = js->filename;
	jshdl_t prev_import_meta_h = js_root(js, js->import_meta);

	js_set_filename(js, mod->resolved_path);
	js_setup_import_meta(js, mod->resolved_path);

	esm_set_import_meta_main_flag(js, false);
	js->import_meta = esm_get_import_meta_raw(js);

	if (mod->format == ESM_MODULE_FORMAT_UNKNOWN) {
	mod->format = esm_decide_module_format(mod->resolved_path);
	}

	jsval_t result = esm_eval_module_with_format(
	js, mod->resolved_path, js_code, js_len, ns, mod->format
	);

	free(content);
	if (vtype(result) == T_PROMISE) js_run_event_loop(js);

	js->import_meta = js_deref(js, prev_import_meta_h);
	js_unroot(js, prev_import_meta_h);
	js_set_filename(js, prev_filename);
	js->module_ns = prev_module;

	if (is_err(result)) {
	mod->is_loading = false;
	return result;
	}

	jsval_t default_val = js_get_slot(js, ns, SLOT_DEFAULT);
	mod->default_export = vtype(default_val) != T_UNDEF ? default_val : ns;

	mod->is_loaded = true;
	mod->is_loading = false;

	return ns;
	}

	static jsval_t esm_get_or_load(ant_t js, const char specifier, const char *resolved_path) {
	esm_module_t *mod = esm_find_module(resolved_path);
	if (!mod) {
	mod = esm_create_module(specifier, resolved_path);
	if (!mod) return js_mkerr(js, "Cannot create module");
	}
	return esm_load_module(js, mod);
	}

	jsval_t js_esm_import_sync_cstr(ant_t js, const char specifier, size_t spec_len) {
	char *spec_copy = strndup(specifier, spec_len);
	if (!spec_copy) return js_mkerr(js, "oom");

	char *file_url_path = esm_file_url_to_path(spec_copy);
	if (file_url_path) {
	free(spec_copy);
	spec_copy = file_url_path;
	}

	bool loaded = false;
	jsval_t lib = js_esm_load_registered_library(js, spec_copy, spec_len, &loaded);
	if (loaded) {
	free(spec_copy);
	return lib;
	}

	const char *base_path = js->filename ? js->filename : ".";
	char *resolved_path = esm_resolve(spec_copy, base_path, esm_resolve_path);
	if (!resolved_path) {
	jsval_t err = js_mkerr(js, "Cannot resolve module: %s", spec_copy);
	free(spec_copy);
	return err;
	}

	jsval_t ns = esm_get_or_load(js, spec_copy, resolved_path);
	free(resolved_path);
	free(spec_copy);
	return ns;
	}

	jsval_t js_esm_import_sync(ant_t *js, jsval_t specifier) {
	if (vtype(specifier) != T_STR)
	return js_mkerr(js, "import() requires a string specifier");

	jsoff_t spec_len = 0;
	jsoff_t spec_off = vstr(js, specifier, &spec_len);
	const char spec_str = (const char )&js->mem[spec_off];

	return js_esm_import_sync_cstr(js, spec_str, (size_t)spec_len);
	}

	jsval_t js_esm_make_file_url(ant_t js, const char path) {
	size_t url_len = strlen(path) + 8;
	char *url = malloc(url_len);
	if (!url) return js_mkerr(js, "oom");

	snprintf(url, url_len, "file://%s", path);
	jsval_t val = js_mkstr(js, url, strlen(url));
	free(url);
	return val;
	}

	jsval_t js_esm_resolve_specifier(ant_t js, jsval_t specifier, const char base_path) {
	if (vtype(specifier) != T_STR) {
	return js_mkerr(js, "import.meta.resolve() requires a string specifier");
	}

	jsoff_t spec_len = 0;
	jsoff_t spec_off = vstr(js, specifier, &spec_len);
	const char spec_str = (const char )&js->mem[spec_off];
	char *spec_copy = strndup(spec_str, (size_t)spec_len);
	if (!spec_copy) return js_mkerr(js, "oom");

	if (!base_path) base_path = js->filename ? js->filename : ".";
	char *resolved_path = esm_resolve(spec_copy, base_path, esm_resolve_path);
	free(spec_copy);

	if (!resolved_path) {
	return js_mkerr(js, "Cannot resolve module");
	}

	if (esm_is_url(resolved_path)) {
	jsval_t result = js_mkstr(js, resolved_path, strlen(resolved_path));
	free(resolved_path);
	return result;
	}

	jsval_t result = js_esm_make_file_url(js, resolved_path);
	free(resolved_path);
	return result;
	}

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